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항목 내 용
제목 [국문]

홍익인간 재세이화’에 대한 새로운 해석 시안

Subject

Study on proper interpretation of ‘Hong-ik-in-gan’ and ‘Jae-se-i-hwa’

저자 박정학
Author Jeong Hak Park
발행년도 2020
초록 우리 겨레에게는 지난 세기에 ‘한강의 기적’을 이루었고, 가진 자와 못 가진 자가 1% 대 99%라는 극단적 양극화로 몸살을 앓는 세계정세 속에서도 세계인을 열 광시키는 ‘한류’를 일으키고 있는 민족 저력이 있다. 그 뿌리는 단군사화의 ‘홍익인간 (弘益人間) 재세이화(在世理化)’로서 세계 석학들이 미래 인류사회의 평화로운 공동 번영이라는 새로운 문명을 일으킬 지도이념이 될 것으로 전망하는 중요한 이념이다. 그런데, 현재 우리나라에서는 홍익인간은 ‘널리 인간을 이롭게 한다’, 재세이화는 ‘세상을 다스리고 교화하였다’고 잘못 해석함으로써 모든 사람들의 생활 속 실천덕 목으로 발전시키지 못하고 있다. 그래서 보다 합리적인 바른 해석을 시도해본다. 먼저, ‘홍익인간 재세이화’라는 말이 나올 당시의 시대상황에 맞추어 해석해야 한 다. 그 당시는 인구증가에 따른 식량부족 때문에 씨족이나 부족 간 싸움이 잦았으므 로 새로운 옥토를 개척해야 하는 시점이었다. 둘째, 우리 한자의 뜻으로 해석해야 한다. 弘·益·人·間이라는 한자를 우리 자전에서 는 ‘클 홍(弘), 더할[도울] 익(益), 사람 인(人), 사이 간(間)’이라 한다. 이에 따르면 ‘사 람 사이를 크게 더 한다’는 의미가 된다. 너와 나라는 ‘사람 사이가 생존 경쟁의 관계가 아니라 한 덩어리로 어우러져 함께 살아가는 관계’라는 인식으로서, 당시 시대상황 에 비추어보면, 씨족이나 부족의 울타리를 넘어 ‘더 많은 사람과 두터운 사이’가 되어 ‘서로 싸우지 말고 함께 잘 사는’ 부족연맹이나 고을사회로 발전하라는 의미다. 그리고 在·世·理·化는 ‘있을 재(在), 인간 세(世), 이치 이(理), 되 화(化)’이니 ‘세상에 살면서 그 인간세상이 홍익인간의 이치대로 되도록 실천하라’고 해석된다. 셋째, 민족 창세신화, 단군사화나 민족 경전인 천부경 속의 민족정신이 ‘하나로 어우 러지는’ 것이고, 우리 역사 속에 그 실천방법인 여러 제도와 전통문화가 있다. 결론적으로, 홍익인간 재세이화는 ‘너와 나라는 사람 사이를 우리라는 관계가 되도 록 두텁게 하는 이치를 생활 속에 실천하라’는 ‘어울림의 원리’라고 새로운 해석을 할 수 있으며, 우리 겨레는 이를 오랜 옛날부터 실천하여 몸에 배어 민족저력이 되었 으므로 한강의 기적과 한류를 만들어낼 수 있었다. 그러므로 이를 잘 다듬으면 사람 사이를 생존경쟁의 관계로 보고 무한경쟁을 부추김 으로써 생긴 1% 대 99%라는 극단적 양극화로 신음하는 신자유주의 인류사회에 희 망을 줄 수 있는 새로운 이념이 될 수 있다. 온 인류가 그런 어우러짐의 덕목을 실천하 여 평화로운 공동번영이 이루어지는 미래 인류사회를 기대한다.
키워드 홍익인간, 재세이화, 민족 저력, 평화로운 공동번영, 생존경쟁
Abstract The Korean people have made great achievements; there was the miracle of Han river in the previous century and K-wave (Han-wave, Hanryu) raising popularity among global citizens suffering social polarization of ‘1% vs. 99%’. Power of Korea, which made all these possible, is rooted in the history of Dangun, ‘Hong-ik-in-gan Jae-se-i-hwa(弘益人間; humanitarianism) 在世理化; ruling the world with reason)’. Many great scholars anticipate that this is one of the most important ideologies to cultivate peaceful co-prosperity of future human society. This research is to introduce the proper interpretation of ‘Hong-ik-in-gan’ and ‘Jae-se-i-hwa’ because these ideals are currently mistranslated; ’Hong-ik-in-gan’ is rendered to ‘spread my humanitarian spirit far and wide’ and ‘Jae-se-i-hwa’ to ‘make the world peaceful and corrected’. This mistranslation has served as a deterrent to make the ideals to be virtue practiced every day. Firstly, ‘Hong-ik-in-gan Jae-se-i-hwa’ needs to be comprehended against the historical backdrop when the territorial expansion is much prioritized due to tribal wars arise from lack of food with population growth. Secondly, it needs to be interpreted using Korean language. In the Korean Chinese dictionary, Hong-ik-in-gan means ‘add more among people; Literally, each character of Hong-ik-in-gan stands for ‘big-to add-people-among’, which means to perceive the society as ‘a group of people who live together as one, not competing each other’. To put this against the historical backdrop, it is to urge to bring clans or tribes beyond the existing limit to Confederacy. Regarding ‘Jae-se-i-hwa’, each character stands for ‘being-human society-reasonable-become’ and it means ‘live in human society and practice to make the world of Hong-ik-in-gan. Thirdly, Korean’s spirit found in the mythology of the creation of the world and Chunbukyung(天符經), the bible of Korean people, is ‘live together’. The spirit is rendered into many social systems and traditional culture. To summarize, ‘Hong-ik-in-gan Jae-se-i-hwa’, a principle of living together, is to urge people to ‘practice the principle of living together by growing bonding among people’. This principle with long-standing history becomes the power of Korean and ends up with the miracle of Han river and K-wave. When this is further developed it can be a new ideal to give hope to the era of neoliberalism where the society is polarized to 1% versus 99% with the intensified competition. If all human being practice the virtue of living together, peaceful co-prosperity would become a foreseeable future.
Keywords ‘Hong-ik-in-gan Jae-se-i-hwa(홍익인간(弘益人間), 재세이화(在世理 化))’, Power of Korea, peaceful co-prosperity of future human society, struggle for existence
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