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세계환단학회 - 논문 검색
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논문 검색


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항목 내 용
제목 [국문]

행촌 『단군세기』의 철학적 배경

Subject

The Philosophical Background of the Dangunsegi written by Haengchon

저자 이기동
Author Lee, Kidong
발행년도 2018
초록 오늘날 사람들은 참된 목표를 상실한 채 우왕좌왕하고 있다. 정치도 교육 도 예외가 아니다. 이렇게 된 근본원인은 본질을 망각한 데서 기인한다. 이대로 가면 인류가 절멸할지도 모르고, 지구 또한 사람이 살 수 없는 지경이 될지 모른다. 이런 상황에서 나서야 할 사람들이 있다. 한국인들은 아직도 본질을 많이 유지하고 있다. 한국인들의 정서와 사상의 근원은 『환단고기』에 잘 기록되어 있다. 이런 의미에서 『환단고기』는 한국인과 인류의 보배다. 『환단고기』는 『단군세기』를 비롯하여 『삼 성기』, 『북부여기』, 『태백일사』를 묶은 종합서이며, 『태백일사』에는 『천부경』과 『삼일신고』같은 한민족의 고유경전을 담고 있다. 『환단고기』에 있는 기록들은 매우 중요하지만, 그 중에서도 『단군세기』를 빼놓을 수 없다. 『단군세기』는 고려 말의 관료이자 사상가인 행촌杏村의 저서로서 그의 이 름은 이암李嵒(1297년 : 충렬왕 23 ~ 1364년 :공민왕 13)으로 고려의 문신이고 목은 이색 선생의 스승이었다. 관료로서의 업적도 크지만, 『단군세기』를 정리하여 단군조선의 사상과 역사를 밝힌 것은 무엇보다도 큰 업적이었다. 행촌은 그의 『단군세기』 서문에서 인간의 본질을 정리했다. 행촌에 의하면, 나에게 있는 세 요소는 하늘의 성性과 명命과 정精이다. 성은 본성이고, 명은 생명을 유지하 는 기운이며, 정은 몸을 구성하는 본질이다. 행촌이 말한 ‘나를 구성하는 세 요소’는 행촌에게만 해당하는 것이 아니라 모든 사람에게 다 해당한다. 하늘의 성을 받아 사람의 마음이 되었고, 하늘의 명을 받아 사람의 기가 되었으며, 하늘의 정을 받아 사람의 몸이 되었다. 사람의 마음은 착해야 하고, 기는 맑아야 하 며, 몸은 두터워야 하지만, 사람이 망령되어 마음이 악해지기도 하고, 기가 탁해지기 도 하며, 몸이 박해지기도 한다. 마음이 악한 사람은 재앙을 받고, 기가 탁한 사람은 요절하며, 몸이 박한 사람은 몸의 모습이 천해진다. 이를 해결하는 방법으로 동굴에 들어가 행하는 수련이 있다. 동굴에서 가만히 마음을 가라앉혀 느낌이 일어나지 않 도록 하고, 호흡을 통해 기를 맑게 하며, 남과의 접촉을 삼가서 몸을 두텁게 하는 등 의 내용이 있다. 우리의 이러한 전통은 경쟁적 삶을 추구하는 서구중심시대에 적응하기 어려웠다. 그 러나 서구중심문화가 한계를 드러내고 있는 지금에는 문제가 달라졌다. 이제는 한국 인이 나서야 한다. 한국인이 나서서 모두 하나로 연결되어 있는 본질을 회복하도록 하는 것이 오늘날의 문제를 해결하는 근본방법이다. 그런 의미에서 『환단고기』는 보 배 중의 보배이다. 그러나 지금의 『환단고기』는 아직도 황금이 들어있는 원석이다. 빨리 그 속에서 황금을 찾아내어야 한다. 그래야 우리도 살고 세상도 산다.
키워드 단군세기, 성性, 명命, 정精, 심心, 기氣, 신身
Abstract Today, people aimlessly wander without any understanding of their real purpose in life. It is the same in the world of politics and education. The fundamental reason for this is their lack of awareness regarding the nature of human life. If this does not change, humanity may not survive as earth becomes uninhabitable in near future. However, there is a group of people who must step forward and take action under these circumstances. Koreans still retain the nature of life to a large extent. The origin of Korean thoughts is well-documented in the text known as the Hwandangogi. Therefore, it can be considered to be a treasure of Koreans. Korean native scriptures the Cheonbugyeong (天符經) and Samilsingo (三一神告) are contained within the Hwandangogi, a complex text that contains the Samseonggi (三聖 紀), the Dangunsegi (檀君世紀), the Bukbuyeogi (北扶餘紀) and the Taebaekilsa (太白逸 史). The Dangunsegi (檀君世紀) was written by Yi Am, who was commonly known by his pen name Haengchon. He was one of the great scholar officials of the Goryeo Dynasty. His most outstanding work has to be revealing the hidden history of Ancient Joseon by publishing the Dangunsegi (檀君世紀). In the preface, he described the essence of humans. According to Haengchon, the three basic elements of human life are seong (性; nature), myeong (命; life), and jeong (精; essence). Seong, myeong, and jeong are, respectively, the original nature, the qi necessary to maintain life, and the essence necessary to compose the body. Therefore, the mind, qi, and body of humans are derived from Heaven. The genuine form of the human being is one possessing a good mind, clear qi, and a rich body. However, the ordinary human is also tainted by an evil mind, turbid qi, and a poor body. Those with evil minds meet with misfortune; those with turbid qi die at an early age; and those with a poor body appear degraded. Meditation is the tool to overcome these problems. The Samilsingo (三一神告), the foundational text on meditation, teaches one to stop thinking, stabilize their breathing, and abstain from physical contact. It is difficult to perform the traditional method of meditation in this Westernized world that confronts us with a variety of problems. To resolve these problems people must change their way of life to recover the oneness of all humans. This would be the fundamental resolution. The Hwandangogi suggests the direction that humans must pursue into the future. It is, therefore, a treasure of utmost value. That said, in terms of our understanding of its overall value, it remains but a rough gemstone that is yet to be processed for the hidden gems it contains. It is only in extracting these hidden gems of knowledge, and doing so quickly, that humanity can survive and maintain life in this world.
Keywords Cheonbugyeong , Samilsingo, qi , seong, myeong, jeong, Dangunsegi
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